VACYPA Rapid Reviews gather evidence from a combination of academic and ‘gray’ literature, which refers to government documents, consultation findings, case studies, evaluation reports and other sources of information published outside of formal academic peer-review processes. The methods used to identify sources include: Internet searches for key words on – Research repositories, such as ScienceDirect and Google Scholar Websites of relevant research institutes and sector experts, such as SNAICC, VACCA, the Lowitja Institute, Australian Institute of Family Studies, and the Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare Drawing from knowledge and expertise held by VACYPA and Members, including: Resources compiled by staff over time Discussions with VACYPA staff about research and examples they have led, contributed to or know about Advice from leaders and staff of Member ACCOs as appropriate, especially where Member ACCOs suggest particular topics for review Literature snowballing, which means looking through references cited in publications already identified to gather additional information. The scope of each rapid review is defined based on practical relevance to VACYPA Member ACCOs and the communities they serve. Rather than assigning strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, the rapid reviews consider as much information as possible within available timeframes while prioritising sources that advance understanding of Aboriginal-led work. This approach upholds the principle of self-determination that is central to VACYPA’s work, asserts focus on evidence that is meaningful and impactful to Aboriginal people and acknowledges the systemic inequities constraining resources and capacity afforded to Aboriginal ways of knowing, being and doing. (See, for example, the discussion on 'Racism and Data Reporting’ in VACYPA’s Submission to the Inquiry into Racism, Hate and Violence Directed at Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People) Sources identified using the methods listed above, therefore, are prioritised for data extraction based the following categories: Research by, for and about Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people Whole-of-population research authored by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and organisations Research relevant to Australian First Nations communities authored by First Nations people and organisations overseas Research focusing on Aboriginal populations by any author or organisation Mainstream research or whole-of-population research by any author or organisation In addition, VACYPA rapid reviews prioritise research specific to the field of child and family services, and research that involves meaningful participation by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with lived experience of the child protection and youth justice systems.